this post was submitted on 13 Jul 2023
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Installing from USB is trivial. Apple provides a bunch of reliable tools to do that. It's rarely done, because USB install is pretty slow compared to other install options, but the option is there. Essentially the regular MacOS installer from Apple comes with a bundled script to create a USB install disk.
Bypassing MDM, however, is another matter entirely.
MDM is a firmware feature, not a software feature, and exactly how it works has changed significantly in the last several years. Honestly I don't remember how it works on the 2018 model years - but I would expect it's either impossible to bypass or there are going to be very strict restrictions.
You're probably better off just accepting whatever "junk" they install. Or alternatively, offer to buy it off them. If it's surplus, then surely they're willing to sell it cheap? I doubt they're going to find anyone else willing to buy it. Once you own it, you won't have to deal with the MDM at all.
Sadly they only have two things they do with surplus here, either let you take it for free (but still keep track of it in inventory and you have to return it if you ever leave the company), or send them out for destruction. They don't sell anything as far as I know.
I plan on trying a few more things but I have a feeling in the end it's just not going to be useful and I'll end up taking it back to surplus. Maybe I can find an older model that is usable that does not have the MDM.