Scandinavia often has these three-walled cabins available on a first-come, first-served basis. In Swedish, they're called vindskydd, or wind shelter. This particular one is northeast of Umeå, Sweden. No guarantees on what they're called elsewhere, but I have seen them in Finland as well. And I have heard of but not seen of them in Norway. In general, the freedom to roam is quite strong in these three countries as long as you are respectful and stay out of obviously private spaces like personal gardens or farm fields. Happy travels!
In the northeast US we have something similar called Adirondack shelters. The fire pit is outside the shelter, though. As usual, the Scandinavian version is better.
They do vary in quality between locations. The Appalachian trail shelter outside of Springfield Massachusetts is definitely better than the one the local high school kids use to drink beer, which is very much like the one pictured.