Science

ISC Governing Board elections 2024 – designate your voting delegate by 1 December

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ISC CEO Salvatore Aricò addresses the 2024 World Science and Technology Forum

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Pacific Academy of Sciences launch: Harnessing the knowledge of the Pacific

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From pioneer to leader: paving the way for African women in mathematics

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In the face of gender apartheid: Dr. Erfani’s path

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Protected: Request for feedback: ISC draft strategic plan 2025–2028 | deadline: 10 November

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Who shapes the future of science? Examining the stark gender imbalance in scientific leadership

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Post-flood recovery: lessons from Germany and Nigeria on how to help people cope with loss and build resilience

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Post-flood recovery: lessons from Germany and Nigeria on how to help people cope with loss and build resilience

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Post-flood recovery: lessons from Germany and Nigeria on how to help people cope with loss and build resilience

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Abstract

The great upsurge of witch trials in early modern Europe remains a historical puzzle. Popularly known as the “witch craze”, this eruption of persecution is puzzling because belief in witchcraft had existed for centuries, but large-scale witch-hunting appeared rather abruptly, spread widely, and was remarkably brutal in comparison with the past. We define a theory of ideational diffusion to describe the general process of the emergence and spread of a new idea along with its prescribed behavioral change, in this case the adoption of witch-hunting. Ideational diffusion distinguishes between the adoption of new ideas, which lead social actors to reinterpret the world and thus to change their behavior, and the adoption of behavior alone. We relate how a new theory of witchcraft appeared in the fifteenth century and show that its widespread propagation, owing to the new technology of printing, matches our description of ideational diffusion. We then analyze the diffusion of witch trials in Central Europe by combining data on the publication of demonological treatises alongside climate, state capacity, religious economy, and city network variables. We find that cities adopted persecution after demonological treatises were printed, and that nearby trials induced neighbors to adopt persecution. Tracing the print vectors and social interdependence spurring witch-hunting helps us understand the general mechanisms behind the spread of persecution.

Scientists reviewed 7,000 studies on microplastics. Their alarming conclusion puts humanity on notice

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Call for peer reviewers: Frontiers Planet Prize, third edition

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The ‘publish or perish’ mentality is fuelling research paper retractions – and undermining science

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The ‘publish or perish’ mentality is fuelling research paper retractions – and undermining science

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The ‘publish or perish’ mentality is fuelling research paper retractions – and undermining science

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Register for the Third ISC General Assembly – before 30 November

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Frontiers Planet Prize, Third Edition: Applications Open Until 1 November

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Announcing the ISC Expert Group for the Biological Weapons Convention

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The ISC’s Science Missions for Sustainability: A roadmap for delivering the UN Pact for the Future

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From siloed data to shared knowledge: How WorldFAIR is shaping the future of research

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Building Bridges through science diplomacy: accelerating progress towards sustainable development

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Statement of the UNSG’s Scientific Advisory Board on Trust in Science

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Empowering local communities: lessons from Typhoon Yagi’s impact on northern Vietnam

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Australia and New Zealand academics sow seeds of success with Pacific Islands scholars

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